Progress of transcriptomics and proteomics in triple-negative breast cancer prognosis assessment / 中国肿瘤临床

s Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a heterogeneous tumor that lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), proges-terone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is more aggressive and tends to recur or metastasize. In contrast to other breast cancer subtypes, no approved endocrine or targeted treatments exist for TNBC. Therefore, identification of the prognosis characteristisics and potential therapeutic targets of TNBC could facilitate early personalized treatment. Owing to the rapid development of various technologies, researchers are increasingly focusing on the integration of "big data" and biological sys-tems, which is referred to "omics," as means of resolving it . Here, we review the recent progress in transcriptomics and proteomics re-search on TNBC.

Inhibition effect of curcumin on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cell by decreasing expression of MT1-MMP / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate whether MT1-MMP is involved in the inhibition effect of curcumin on the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cell and the mechanism . Methods Firstly, MCF-7 cell lines transfected by MT1-MMP eukaryotic expression vector was established. We divided all cells into 3 groups,including null vector transfection group, non-transfected and transfected group with different concentrations of curcumin. The expression of MT1-MMP protein, the proliferation and invasion ability were respectively analyzed by western blot, transwell method, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Results The expression of MT1-MMP was inhibited by curcumin. Transwell and CCK-8 experiment indicated the proliferation and invasion abilities of MT1-MMP transfected MCF-7 cells were inhibited by curcumin in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusion The inhibition value of curcumin on proliferation and invasion is probably due to its ability to inhibit the expression of MT1-MMP.

Expression pattern of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase in primary breast carcinomas / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the expression pattern of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in breast carcinomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-three breast cancer tissues were collected and examined for MT1-MMP protein and mRNA expressions using immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemistry of the breast cancer specimens showed MT1-MMP immunoreactivity on the cancer cell membrane. MT1-MMP mRNA was located in the stromal cells surrounding the breast cancer nest as shown by in situ hybridization. MT1-MMP mRNA expression was detected in all of the carcinomas, but its level was significantly lower in immunohistochemically negative specimens than in positive ones (0.547=0.0886 vs 0.759=0.0802, Plt;0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MT1-MMP is very likely produced by stromal cells surrounding the breast cancer nest and anchored on the cell membrane after activation.</p>

The intervention studies of merely elevated serum tumor markers in advanced breast cancer ;posttreatment / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of early intervention of second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer patients who experienced elevated tumor marker without any evidence for progress on imaging after effective first-line treatment. Methods We recruited 42 metastatic breast cancer patients experiencing elevated tumor marker (CEA or CA-153) meanwhile, who had merely increased tumor markers again in regular review after effective first-line treatment. Patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients in treatment group were given second-line treatment (palliative chemotherapy); 22 patients in observation group insisted on regular follow-up without any changing of treatment strategy. We mainly evaluated PFSmarker , which was defined as the time between tumor markers increase and disease progression. Results CEA and CA-153 in patients with advanced breast cancer showed a tendency to decrease after first-line chemotherapy , which can be reduced again by second-line treatment while increased in regular review , and the observation group continued to rise until disease progressed. The PFSmarker in treatment group was 13.65 (6 ~ 24) months while that of the observation group was 8.18 (3 ~ 15) months. The difference of PFS between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) and the median time to disease progression in treatment group was significantly longer than that in observation group. Conclusions Early intervention of second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer patients who only experienced elevated tumor marker after effective first-line treatment could slow down disease progression and improve the quality of life.

Advances in studies on metabolic syndrome and breast cancer / 中华外科杂志

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Over these years, the morbidity of metabolic syndrome (MS) has also been increasing in China, probably due to changes in economies and lifestyles. As a result, the association to between these two diseases has at tracted much attention. Results demonstrated the presence of MS was associated with breast cancer risk, and the risk became higher when more MS components were present compared to no components. Moreover, a specific association was indicated between MS and breast cancer recurrence and metastasis to some extent as well. Further, for breast cancer patients, being diagnosed with MS can increase the mortality and lead to poor prognosis. The mechanisms underlying the association is not clear yet, but several factors are speculated to be the possible causes, including the elevated level of insulin, insulin like growth factor-1, leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the decreased level of adiponectin as well as the interaction between DBC1 and SIRT1. The prognosis of patients with breast cancer combined MS can be improved by means of changing diet habits, increasing physical activities and drug-intervention. Although the specific mechanisms underlying the association are still need to be elucidated, better understanding of the association must help us with new strategies for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

Incidence and risk factors of anemia in 400 patients with early breast cancer treated by chemotherapy / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the incidence and predictive factors of anemia induced by chemothera-py in early breast cancer patients. Methods 400 early breast cancer patients treated by taxane-based regimens from 2009 to 2011 in our hospital were analyzed to obtain the incidence of anemia. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to search for risk factors linked to the occurrence of anemia. Results Incidence of anemia was 72.2% in early breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The occur-rence of anemia was related to 5 risk factors: chemotherapy regiments, Hb at baseline 60 years old, BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and HBV antigen positive. Conclusion The anemia incidence during chemothera-py is high in early breast cancer patients. Such factors,as chemotherapy regiments, Hb at baseline, age, BMI and HBV antigen, should be taken into account in identifying high risk patients and prevent anemia.

Review on taxanes-induced peripheral neuropathy / 中国生化药物杂志

As a tubulin stabilizer, taxanes are widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC),and part of head and neck malignant tumors, and were confirmed to be significantly effective.However, taxanes-induced peripheral neuropathy(TIPN) still affects the quality of life and psychological status of patients to varying degrees, severe cases can lead to dose reduction, and even chemotherapy interruption.In this paper, we summarize the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical assessment, the progress of prevention and treatment of TIPN, to provide the basis for the prediction and early prevention of TIPN in the clinical administration, thus we can improve patients’ quality of life while extending their survival.

Is axillary interventions necessary in early breast cancer? / 南方医科大学学报

Axillary interventions, represented by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), has been a key component in radical surgeries for breast cancer since the proposal of radical mastectomy. ALND substantially affects the quality of life of the patients. In recent years, many studies suggested that axillary interventions may not be necessary for all breast cancer patients, and for early early-stage patients, it brings more harm than benefit. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has provided good guidance to indicate the necessity of ALND, but several studies revealed that not all patients with positive SLNB results benefited from ALND. In this review, the authors summarize the recent progress of researches of these two hot issues.

Differentially expressed genes and potential signaling pathway in Asian people with breast cancer by preliminary analysis of a large sample of the microarray data / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen differentially expressed genes and identify potential signaling pathway in Asian people with breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five gene microarray datasets of Asian people with breast cancer, GSE6367, GSE9309, GSE15852, GSE33447 and GSE45255, were downloaded from GEO. Microarrays with 318 breast cancer and 60 normal breast tissues were used for analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathway. 32 pairs of breast cancer patients' specimens were used to validate the differentially expressed genes by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Analysis of the large sample of microarray data identified 436 differentially expressed genes in breast cancer tissues, while 259 of these genes were up-regulated and the other 177 down-regulated. Pathway analysis showed that metabolism-related signaling pathway may be involved in the development of breast cancer in Asian people. The expressions of KRT19, ADIPOQ, CFD, RBP4, LPL, ABCA8 and CD36 genes were confirmed by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study shows differential gene expression profile and potential signaling pathway in Asian people with breast cancer. CD36 gene may be closely related to the Asian breast cancer. ABCA8 gene may be a new disease gene in Asian breast cancer.</p>

Cyclophosphamide and prednisone established a human breast carcinoma model in mice / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:This study aimed to establish a mouse model of breast cancer by inoculating human breast cancer cells into mice with normal immune function. Methods:Forty female BALB/C mice were randomized into four groups, with 10 mice in each group. The four groups were established according to the dosage of cyclophosphamide and prednisone, namely, the control group, low dose group, medium dose group, and high dose group. The mouse models of breast cancer were established by injecting human breast cancer cells into the fat pad of the right second breast of mice in the groups. Mice in the four groups were observed based on the time of tumorigenesis, rate of tumor formation, tumor imaging and pathological features, and metastasis of vital internal organs. Results:In the high dose group, the time of tumor formation was lower than that of the other groups, but the rate of tumor formation was high. Some visceral metastases occurred in the mice. By contrast, the medium dose group revealed completely opposite results. No death and tumor formation in both the control and low dose groups were reported. Conclusion:A human breast carcinoma model in mice was successfully established. Using this model, the onset and development of breast cancer could be much better imitated in the normal immune system of mice.

Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective　To investigate the diagnose and therapy of patients with smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) of gstrointestinal tract (GI). Methods　A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical and pathological data of 92 patients with SMTs of GI admitted from 1982 to 1999 in Nanfang Hospital. Results　Location of the lesion: 41 cases in stomach, 44 in small intestine, and 7 in large bowel. Adjuvant examinations: BUS was performed on 63 cases with positive findings in 31; CT on 27 cases with positive findings in 20; DSA on 29 cases with positive findings in 27; barium series on 45 with positive findings in 28; and small intestinoscopy on 11 cases with pasitive findings in 2. Conclusions　DSA is the most effective method in diagnoses of SMTs of GI, especially for small intestinal leiomyoma. The primary treatment of GI-SMTs is surgical resection.